Gregory the Great served as pope from 590 to 604, reorganized the Western Church during a period of plague and political collapse, and is recognized as a Doctor of the Church. His Moralia in Job — a commentary on Job running to thirty-five books — is the most sustained patristic engagement with the problem of innocent suffering in existence. Written over decades, it uses Job’s situation as a lens through which to examine divine justice, the spiritual meaning of affliction, and the relationship between earthly suffering and eternal reward. The Moralia was the standard reference on suffering and providence in the Latin West for nearly a thousand years.